Akatswiri a zandalama padziko lonse lapansi anena kuti mfundo zankhanza komanso zosaganizira bwino zachuma zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dziko la United States zayambitsa kukwera kwa mitengo kwa zinthu padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zachititsa kuti chuma chisokonezeke kwambiri komanso kuti umphawi uchuluke kwambiri, makamaka m'mayiko osauka.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kukwera kwa mitengo kwa zinthu ku US, komwe kudakwera ndi 9 peresenti mu June, bungwe la US Federal Reserve lakweza chiwongola dzanja kanayi kufika pamlingo wapano wa 2.25 mpaka 2.5 peresenti.
Benyamin Poghosyan, wapampando wa Center for Political and Economic Strategic Studies ku Yerevan, Armenia, adauza China Daily kuti kukwera kwachuma kwasokoneza misika yazachuma padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe mayiko ambiri osatukuka akukumana ndi kukwera kwa mitengo kwakwera kwambiri, zomwe zikulepheretsa kuyesetsa kwawo kupeza mphamvu zachuma poyang'anizana ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana apadziko lonse lapansi.
"Zapangitsa kale kuti mtengo wa euro ndi ndalama zina zitsike kwambiri, ndipo zipitiliza kukweza kukwera kwa mitengo," adatero.
Ogula akugulira nyama ku sitolo yogulitsa zakudya ya Safeway pamene kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu kukupitirira kukwera ku Annapolis, Maryland
Ku Tunisia, dola yolimba komanso kukwera kwakukulu kwa mitengo ya tirigu ndi mphamvu zikuyembekezeka kukulitsa kuchepa kwa bajeti ya dzikolo kufika pa 9.7 peresenti ya GDP chaka chino kuchokera pa 6.7 peresenti yomwe idanenedweratu kale, adatero bwanamkubwa wa banki yayikulu Marouan Abassi.
Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka chino, ngongole ya boma yomwe ili m'dzikolo ikuyembekezeka kufika pa ma dinar 114.1 biliyoni ($35.9 biliyoni), kapena 82.6 peresenti ya GDP yake. Banki ya ndalama ya Tunisia ikupita patsogolo kulephera kulipira ngongole ngati kuwonongeka kwachuma chake kukupitirira, anachenjeza banki ya ndalama ya Morgan Stanley mu Marichi.
Kukwera kwa mitengo kwa chaka chilichonse ku Turkey kunafika pa 79.6 peresenti mu Julayi, komwe kunali kwakukulu kwambiri m'zaka 24. Dola imodzi idagulitsidwa pa 18.09 Turkish liras pa Ogasiti 21, zomwe zikutanthauza kutayika kwa mtengo wa 100 peresenti poyerekeza ndi chaka chapitacho, pomwe mtengo wosinthira ndalama unali 8.45 liras poyerekeza ndi dola.
Ngakhale kuti boma likuyesetsa kukweza malipiro ocheperako kuti liteteze anthu ku mavuto azachuma omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu, anthu aku Turkey akuvutika kupeza zofunika pa moyo.
Tuncay Yuksel, mwini shopu yogulitsa zinthu zakale ku Ankara, anati banja lake lasiya kugula zakudya monga nyama ndi mkaka chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo kuyambira chaka chino.
"Chilichonse chakwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yogula ya nzika yatsika kwambiri," Xinhua News Agency idagwira mawu a Yuksel. "Anthu ena sangakwanitse kugula zinthu zofunika."
Poghosyan anati kukwera kwa chiwongola dzanja cha US Fed "kwachititsa kuti kukwera kwa mitengo kukhale kwakukulu m'maiko osatukuka," ndipo izi sizili bwino.
"US ikugwiritsa ntchito ulamuliro wa dola kuti ikwaniritse zofuna zake zandale. US iyenera kuyankha mlandu pa zomwe ikuchita, makamaka pamene US ikudzionetsa ngati woteteza ufulu wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi yemwe amasamala za aliyense."
"Zimapangitsa miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kukhala yosasangalatsa, koma ndikukhulupirira kuti US ilibe nazo ntchito."
Jerome Powell, wapampando wa US Federal Reserve, adachenjeza pa Ogasiti 26 kuti US ikhoza kukweza chiwongola dzanja chachikulu m'miyezi ikubwerayi ndipo yatsimikiza mtima kuchepetsa kukwera mtengo kwa zinthu komwe kwachitika m'zaka 40 zikubwerazi.
Tang Yao, pulofesa wothandizira ku Guanghua School of Management ku Peking University, anati kuchepetsa kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri ku Washington kotero Fed ikuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukweza mitengo kwa chaka chonse chikubwerachi.
Izi zingayambitse vuto la ndalama padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zingayambitse kutsika kwakukulu kwa ndalama kuchokera kumisika yapadziko lonse kupita ku US ndikutsika mtengo kwa ndalama zina zambiri, Tang adatero, ndikuwonjezera kuti mfundozi zingayambitsenso kuti msika wamasheya ndi ma bond uchepe ndipo mayiko omwe ali ndi maziko ofooka azachuma ndi azachuma azikhala ndi zoopsa zambiri monga kuwonjezeka kwa ngongole.
Bungwe la International Monetary Fund lachenjezanso kuti kuyesetsa kwa Fed kuthana ndi kupsinjika kwa mitengo kungakhudze misika yatsopano yodzaza ndi ngongole zakunja.
"Kusokonekera kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi kungakhale kovuta kwambiri kwa mayiko omwe ali ndi mavuto azachuma ambiri, mavuto okhudzana ndi mliri omwe sanathetsedwe komanso zosowa zazikulu zandalama zakunja," idatero.
Zotsatira za kufalikira
Wu Haifeng, mkulu wa Fintech Center of Shenzhen Institute of Data Economy, nayenso adafotokoza nkhawa zake pa zotsatira za mfundo za Fed, ponena kuti zimabweretsa kusatsimikizika ndi chisokonezo m'misika yapadziko lonse ndipo zimakhudza kwambiri chuma chambiri.
Kukweza chiwongola dzanja sikunachepetse kukwera kwa mitengo ya zinthu mdziko la US moyenera, komanso sikunachepetse mitengo ya ogula mdzikolo, anatero Wu.
Kukwera kwa mitengo ya ogula ku US kunakwera ndi 9.1 peresenti m'miyezi 12 mpaka Juni, kuwonjezeka kwachangu kwambiri kuyambira Novembala 1981, malinga ndi ziwerengero za boma.
Komabe, US sakufuna kuvomereza zonsezi ndikugwira ntchito ndi mayiko ena kuti alimbikitse kudalirana kwa mayiko chifukwa sakufuna kutsutsa zofuna zawo kuphatikizapo olemera ndi makampani ankhondo ndi mafakitale, adatero Wu.
Misonkho yomwe imayikidwa ku China, mwachitsanzo, kapena chilango chilichonse chomwe chimaperekedwa kumayiko ena, sichikhudza chilichonse kupatula kupangitsa ogula aku US kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri ndikuopseza chuma cha US, Wu adatero.
Akatswiri akuona kuti kuyika zilango ndi njira ina yoti US ithandizire ulamuliro wake wa dola.
Kuyambira pamene dongosolo la Bretton Woods linakhazikitsidwa mu 1944, dola ya ku America yakhala ikulamulira ndalama zosungiramo ndalama padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kwa zaka makumi ambiri US yakhala ikulamulira chuma chake ngati chuma cha nambala 1 padziko lonse lapansi.
Komabe, vuto la zachuma padziko lonse la 2008 linayambitsa kutha kwa ulamuliro wamphamvu wa US. Kutsika kwa US ndi "kukwera kwa ena", kuphatikizapo China, Russia, India ndi Brazil, zatsutsa ulamuliro wa US, Poghosyan adatero.
Pamene dziko la US linayamba kukumana ndi mpikisano wokulirakulira kuchokera ku mayiko ena amphamvu, linaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito udindo wa dola ngati ndalama yosungira ndalama padziko lonse lapansi poyesetsa kuletsa kukwera kwa mayiko ena ndikusunga ulamuliro wa US.
Pogwiritsa ntchito udindo wa dola, dziko la US linaopseza mayiko ndi makampani, ponena kuti lidzawachotsa mu dongosolo lazachuma lapadziko lonse ngati satsatira mfundo za dziko la US, iye anatero.
"Woyamba kuvutika ndi mfundo imeneyi anali Iran, yomwe inapatsidwa zilango zoopsa zachuma," adatero Poghosyan. "Kenako US idaganiza zogwiritsa ntchito mfundo imeneyi ya zilango motsutsana ndi China, makamaka motsutsana ndi makampani olumikizirana mauthenga aku China, monga Huawei ndi ZTE, omwe anali opikisana kwambiri ndi makampani akuluakulu a IT aku America m'malo monga ma network a 5G ndi luntha lochita kupanga."
Chida cha ndale za dziko
Boma la US likugwiritsa ntchito dola mochulukira ngati chida chachikulu chopititsira patsogolo zofuna zake zandale komanso kuletsa kukwera kwa ena, chidaliro mu dola chikuchepa, ndipo mayiko ambiri osatukuka akufunitsitsa kusiya ngati ndalama yayikulu yogulitsira, Poghosyan adatero.
"Mayiko amenewo ayenera kupanga njira zochepetsera kudalira kwawo ndalama za ku America, apo ayi adzakhala akuopsezedwa nthawi zonse ndi US kuti adzawononga chuma chawo."
Tang wa Sukulu Yoyang'anira ya Guanghua adapereka lingaliro lakuti mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ayenera kusinthasintha mu malonda ndi ndalama powonjezera chiwerengero cha ogwirizana nawo akuluakulu ogulitsa ndi magwero a ndalama ndi malo osungiramo ndalama, pofuna kuchepetsa kudalira kwawo chuma cha US.
Kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama kungakhale kovuta pakanthawi kochepa komanso kapakati koma msika wazachuma wapadziko lonse lapansi komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zogulira ndalama zitha kuchepetsa kudalira dola ya ku America ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo lazachuma padziko lonse lapansi, adatero Tang.
Mayiko ambiri achepetsa ngongole zomwe ali nazo ku US ndipo ayamba kusinthasintha ndalama zawo zakunja.
Banki ya Israeli idalengeza mu Epulo kuti yawonjezera ndalama za Canada, Australia, Japan ndi China ku ndalama zake zakunja, zomwe kale zinali ndi ndalama zochepa za dola yaku US, mapaundi aku Britain ndi euro.
Madola aku US ndi 61 peresenti ya ndalama zonse zakunja zomwe dzikolo limapereka, poyerekeza ndi 66.5 peresenti yomwe idalipo kale.
Banki yayikulu ya ku Egypt yasunganso njira zosiyanasiyana zogulira golide wokwana matani 44 mu kotala yoyamba ya chaka chino, kuwonjezeka kwa 54 peresenti, malinga ndi bungwe la World Gold Council.
Mayiko ena monga India ndi Iran akukambirana za kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zadziko lawo pamalonda awo apadziko lonse lapansi.
Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa Iran Ayatollah Ali Khamenei adapempha mu Julayi kuti pang'onopang'ono asiye kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za dola pochita malonda ndi Russia. Pa Julayi 19, dziko lachisilamu linayambitsa malonda a rial-ruble pamsika wake wa ndalama zakunja.
"Dola likusungabe udindo wake ngati ndalama yosungira padziko lonse lapansi, koma njira yochepetsera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama yayamba kukwera," adatero Poghosyan.
Komanso, kusintha kwa dongosolo la pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yozizira kudzapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi likhale ndi madera ambiri komanso kutha kwa ulamuliro wamphamvu wa US, adatero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-05-2022
